Activia Lawsuit
The Activia lawsuit against Dannon is centered around a report made by the American Academy of Microbiology and called Probiotic Microbes The Scientific Basis . I've read every word of this report and to me it clearly supports probiotics in general as useful to human health. It includes statements such as Clinical trials have now been performed which substantiate the beneficial effects of probiotic strains of some lactobacilli against urogenital infections, such as urinary tract infections and...
Probiotics In Soy Yogurt
Soy yogurt (sometimes called soya yoghurt, soygurt, soyogurt or yofu) is not a real yogurt but don't let that put you off this excellent product. It is a non-dairy product made from soy milk, but it is made the same way as regular yogurt using the same starters. It can be a good source of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria for people who are lactose intolerant. Soy yogurt is made by fermenting soy milk with Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus .
Bifidobacterium Animalis
In 2004 it was decided that Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis were more related than first thought and they were put into the same species. This has lead to some confusion between the two. The official categorization of them is thus - what was Bifidobacterium animalis is now Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis and what was Bifidobacterium lactis is now Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis .
What Is Ionithermie Cellulite Reduction?
There's been a lot of chatter recently about a detox treatment used to reduce the appearance of cellulite and slim the body. It is called Ionithermie Cellulite Reduction Treatment and it is supposed to purge the body of toxins that build up over time by breaking down the fatty acids present in cellulite. Many claims state that this process firms and tones muscles, detoxifies the body by raising energy levels, jump starts metabolism, and improves skin texture in problem areas.
Herx Reaction And Probiotics
Herx or herx reaction is short for Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction . It is the experience of feeling worse after starting a treatment than you did before you started. Some people call it a healing crisis. It typically happens when large quantities of toxins are released into the body as bacteria die. It can occur during antibiotic treatment or too rapid detoxification. It can also occur when a person first takes probiotics and the battle is waged against bad bacteria.
Skill Deficits Versus Performance Deficits
Social skills problems can result from a skill deficit, in which the child does not know what to do in a social situation and needs to learn the skills to become socially competent. Social challenges can also have nothing to do with a lack of skills. According to a leading authority, Dr. Russell Barkley, children with ADHD typically do not have a skill deficit, but rather a performance deficit. They know what they are supposed to do and the appropriate social skills, but fail to apply or...
Eating Disorder Treatment and Medicare and Medicaid
It is of concern to me that many disabled, older, and low income individuals in our country may be going without needed eating disorder treatment, because most eating disorder treatment providers do not accept Medicare or Medicaid. It seems that only eating disorder treatment at some hospitals accept Medicare and or Medicaid. I have Medicare insurance and have been fortunate to have had some individual therapy and my residential treatment covered in part by Medicare.
Align/Florastor - Which is best for YOU?
When comparing Align and Florastor it is important to remember that you are comparing two very different probiotic supplements. Align is a probiotic bacteria and Florastor is a probiotic yeast. Uusually, you are looking at two different probiotic bacteria but not in this case. That does give Florastor one very clear cut advantage - it is not affected by antibiotics which only kill bacteria, so if a great choice if you are prescribed a course of antibiotics.
Six Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature
The various views of researchers in personality stem not from the fact that one perspective is right and the others wrong but, rather , from the fact that they are studying different domains of knowledge. A domain of knowledge is a specialty area of science and scholarship, in which psychologists have focused on learning about some specific and limited aspects of human nature. A domain of knowledge delineates the boundaries of researchers' knowledge, expertise, and interests.
What Is An Acute Locked Back
An acute locking episode is when an unguarded movement causes an agonising jolt of pain like a high voltage current to shoot through your back. The pain always strikes at the beginning of a movement, like a bolt from the blue, and leaves you bent over rigid and unable to straighten. Usually the pain catches you so badly you cannot stir. You cannot go forwards or back, or put one foot after the other. It is a real crisis.
Massage in classical Greece and Rome
The Greeks believed in the cultivation of a healthy mind and body, which is similar to the 'holistic approach' practised by many people today. Rituals of bathing, massage, exercise or dancing were practised by men and women. They encouraged the pursuit of physical fitness and organised regular sporting, gymnastic and athletic competitions. Massage was used before events to improve performance and after events to relieve fatigue and aid recovery.
The Development of Modern Massage Techniques
Modern massage techniques have evolved mainly from a system developed by a Swedish physiologist called Per Henrik Ling. He developed a system of passive and active exercises known as Swedish Remedial Gymnastics and also a system of massage movements. Ling used the terms effleurage, petrissage, vibration, friction, rolling and slapping. Most of these terms are still used today.
Crucial differences between IDSA and ILADS guidelines
A press release from the Lyme Disease Association (LDA), issued in October 2006 when IDSA published its revised guidelines, noted that the new IDSA guidelines advise against clinical discretion in determining whether or not patients have Lyme disease. Instead, they advise that doctors either see a characteristic rash known to occur in about half the patients, or that patients register positive on the two tests recommended by the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) tests known to miss up to half the patients.
Postural defects
This is an abnormally increased outward curvature of the thoracic spine. In this condition the back appears round as the shoulders point forward and the head moves forward. A tightening of the pectoral muscles is common in this condition. This is an abnormally increased inward curvature of the lumbar spine. In this condition the pelvis tilts forward and as the back is hollow, the abdomen and buttocks protrude and the knees may be hyperextended. Typical problems associated with this condition...
Can 600 Mcg Of Misoprostol And 300mg Of White Quinine Cause Abortion
For malaria (see p. 98), give 600 mg by mouth once a day for 2 days. Then on the third day, give 300 mg. artemisinin, clindamycin, quinine, others. WARNING In many parts of the world, chloroquine no longer stops malaria. People with epilepsy should not use chloroquine. Clindamycin is a strong antibiotic. In this book, we only describe how to use it to treat malaria. Side effects Diarrhea, vomiting, rash, metallic taste in the mouth. May cause yeast infection in women or diaper rash in children....
Streptococcus salivarius K12
The Streptococcus salivarius probiotic bacteria is the number one dragon slayer in the ranks of bad breath remedies. This oral probiotic replaces the bacteria in your mouth with the desirable Streptococcus salivarius K12 bacteria. Did you know that people with halitosis have one particular bacteria in their mouth that other peple don't In a recent (2007) study , researchers discovered that Solobacterium moorei was in the mouth of every person in the bad breath group but not in the mouth of any...
Superego Upholder of Societal Values and Ideals
Around the age of 5, a child begins to develop the third part of the mind, which Freud called the superego. The superego is the part of the mind that internalizes the values, morals, and ideals of society . Usually, these are instilled into the child by society' s various socializing agents, such as parents, schools, and or ganized religions. Freud emphasized the role of parents in particular in children' s development of self-control and conscience, suggesting that the development of the...
Personality Assessment Measurement and Research Design
Self-Report Data (S-Data) Observer-Report Data (O-Data) Test Data (T-Data) Life-Outcome Data (L-Data) Issues in Personality Assessment Experimental Methods Correlational Studies Case Studies When to Use Experimental, Correlational, and Case Study Designs Much of the discussion surrounding political candidates involves their personalities. magine that a presidential election is looming. You are faced with a choice between two candidates. The personalities of the candidates may prove to be...
Adding Fem Dophilus to Yogurt
My problem is the dextrose in it. I am very sensitive to it. Previously, by making yogurt with other strains of bacteria I have been able to reduce the lactose and turn it into lactic acid (in goats milk). I am hoping to do this with Fem-Dophilus. Can I combine it with a starter culture of L.Acidophilus, S.Thermophilus and L.Bulgaricus If not, what can I combine it with A. I'm afraid I can't give you a really clear answer on this.
Electronic caries monitorization ECM
Electronic caries monitorization (ECM) is based on the high electrical conduction resistance of the hard dental tissues. Enamel is a poor electrical conductor though caried enamel shows increased conductance versus intact enamel (Loesche et al., 1979). Demineralized enamel becomes more porous, fills with ion-containing fluid and minerals from saliva, and therefore exhibits increased electrical conductance (McComb & Tam, 2001). Two devices have been developed, with tips designed for...
Standards for Evaluating Personality Theories
As we explore each of the six domains, it will be useful to bear in mind five scientifi standards for evaluating personality theories Compatibility and integration across domains and levels. The first standard is comprehensiveness does the theory do a good job of explaining all of the facts and observations within its domain Theories that explain more empirical data within their domains are generally superior to those that explain fewer findings A second evaluative standard is heuristic value...
Research Designs in Personality
In this chapter, we have examined the types of personality measur es and the means for evaluating the quality of those measures. The next step in personality research is to use these measures in actual research designs. Although the variations are nearly infinite, there are three basic research designs in the field of personality psycholog experimental, correlational, and case study . Each has strengths and weaknesses. Each provides information that complements the information provided by the...
The Dispositional Domain
The dispositional domain concerns those aspects of personality that are stable over time, relatively consistent over situations, and make people dif ferent from each other. For example, some people are outgoing and talkative others are introverted and shy. The introverted and shy person tends to be that way most of the time (is stable over time) and tends to be introverted and shy at work, at play , and at school (is consistent over situations). As another example, some people are emotionally...
Legal Issues in Personality Testing in Employment Settings
Legal issues surrounding the use of personality and other tests in employment settings can be traced to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which barred racial discrimination in public places, including theaters, restaurants, hotels, and polling places. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act also required employers to provide equal employment opportunities to all persons. The first test of the Civil Rights Act in employment law occurred in the case of Griggs v. Duke Power. Prior to 1964 the Duke Power...
The Biological Domain
The biological domain concerns those factors within the body that influence or ar influenced by personalit . This domain is not any more fundamental than the other domains, nor is knowledge about this domain any closer to the truth about personality than knowledge in other domains. This domain simply represents one perspective on the nature and consequences of personality. There is a long history of speculation and theorizing about the relation between the body and the mind. Some of this...
Neurotransmitters and Personality
Whereas Zuckerman's theory concerns levels of MAO, which breaks down neuro-transmitters, other researchers hypothesize that levels of neurotransmitters themselves are responsible for specific individual di ferences. Neurotransmitters are receiving a great deal of attention as possible sources of personality dif ferences. One neurotransmitter, dopamine, appears to be associated with pleasure. For example, animals will work to obtain doses of dopamine, much as they would work to obtain food. As...
The Intrapsychic Domain
We now turn to the intrapsychic domain. This domain concerns the factors within the mind that influence behavio, thoughts, and feelings. The pioneer of this domain was Sigmund Freud. Freud was a medical doctor and neurologist and was highly influenced by biolog . He often applied biological metaphors to the mind for example, proposing that the mind had separate organ systems, which operated independently from each other yet that influenced each othe . His goal was to analyze the elements within...
Techniques for Revealing the Unconscious
The goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious. Mental illness, problems with living, and unexplained physical symptoms can all be viewed as the result of unconscious conflicts. Thoughts, feelings, ur ges, or memories have been forced into the unconscious, because of their disturbing or threatening nature. Due to the dynamic nature of the human mind, these conflicts or restrained u ges may slip out of the unconscious in ways that cause trouble. They often obtain expression as...
Mechanisms of Thirst Regulation
The sensation of thirst is regulated separately by both the osmotic pressure and the volume of the body fluids and as such is closely related to the control mechanisms that are responsible for the secretion of the fluid balance hormones, which affect water and solute reabsorption in the kidneys and play a role in blood pressure control. These hormones arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, oxytocin, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are central to the regulation of thirst....
Introduction to Personality Psychology
Personality Is the Set of Psychological Traits . . . And Mechanisms . . . Within the Individual . . . That Are Organized and Relatively Enduring . . . Three Levels of Personality Analysis Individual and Group Dif ferences Individual Uniqueness Grand Theories of Personality Contemporary Research in Personality Six Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature Dispositional Domain Biological Domain Intrapsychic Domain Cognitive-Experiential Domain Social and Cultural Domain Adjustment Domain Standards...
Is Hooking Up Good for Girls?
As a relationship advice columnist for Teen Vogue , I get a lot of mail from girls in no strings attached relationships. The girls describe themselves as kind of with a guy, sort of seeing him, or hanging out with him. The guy may be noncommittal, or worse, in another no-strings relationship. In the meantime, the girls have fallen for him or plead with me for advice on how to make him come around and be a real boyfriend. These letters worry me.
Metabolism of Dietary Nucleic Acids in Humans
The normal human diet is rich in both DNA and RNA since food is derived from once-living organisms. The metabolism of these exogenous nucleic acids follows a similar pattern to the intra-cellular process described previously, but the bacterial flora of the intestine are the first point of attack. This digestion is rapid. Studies in pigs (confirmed by later studies in humans) demonstrated that up to 50 of radiolabeled dietary purine was degraded and lost as carbon dioxide gas within 30 min, with...
The Dark Ages to the Renaissance
Little is known about massage or health and beauty practices throughout the Dark and Middle Ages, i.e. from the decline of the Roman Empire around 500 ad until the Middle Ages around 1400 ad. Few records remain from those days of wars, strict religions, superstition and persecution. Little value was placed on education, the arts, physical health and fitness. Following this period came the Renaissance (rebirth) in 1450 ad. Interest in the arts and sciences flourished and there was renewed...
Classification of Hyperlipidemia
There are a number of classification systems available. In 1967, Fredrickson, Levy, and Lees introduced the first classification as a method of reporting that lipoproteins were raised. The World Health Organization adopted this classification (Table 3). In 1987, the European Atherosclerosis Society recommended a five-group classification of primary hyperlipidemia (Table 4), and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III published guidelines in 2002 for normal and...
Rivalrous Triangles
In the early stages of romantic liaisons, when the loved one is either married to or significantly involved with someone else, the lover's obsessive preoccupation is nonetheless the same as that of other lovers, consisting primarily of thoughts about the beloved. But in such rival-rous triangles (as these are by definition), an obsessive preoccupation with the rival may gradually come to compete with the erotic longing for the loved one. Both erotic longing and competition play a pivotal role...
Benefits of the SST Process
This process has the potential of being a highly effective method for early intervention, providing much needed support to struggling students and their teachers. The SST process Provides the teacher with access to a group of colleagues who share information and expertise enabling the teacher to better meet the individual needs of students Assists the teacher in problem solving, strategizing, and developing a plan of appropriate classroom interventions Facilitates student access to additional...
Visual inspection VI
Visual inspection is the most widely used diagnostic method. VI has a long history, but is subjective and depends on the experience of the examiner (Pretty, 2006 Zandona & Zero, 2006). The diagnosis of a cavitated lesion poses no diagnostic difficulty of any kind it is in the case of the so-called hidden caries where doubts arise, together with the impossibility of determining whether a dark fissure presents underlying caries or merely corresponds to surface staining. In their first stages,...
The Big Three Components of Effective Youth Development Programs
What are the specific actions taken by youth development programs that make them effective in promoting the Five Cs Catalano et al. (1999) find that the preponderant majority (about 75 ) of effective positive youth development programs focus on what Lerner (2004) termed the Big Three design features of effective positive youth development (YD) programs. YD programs involving the Big Three provide 1. Opportunities for youth participation in and leadership of activities that 2. Emphasize the...
Substage Condenser
The substage condenser contains a lens complex, an aperture diaphragm, and may also house prisms and filters used in contrast enhancement. The condenser can be focused to optimize the illumination of the specimen. The aperture diaphragm works independently of the field diaphragm to optimize contrast, depth of field, and resolution by altering the NA of the condenser lens (Fig. 2). The maximal NA of the condenser lens is usually engraved on its side. On some condensers, a swung-in lens can be...
Examples of Food Fortification Programs in Developing Countries
Despite the multiple limitations that affect food fortification in the developing world, there are several examples that confirm its feasibility and benefits. Vegetable Fats and Oil Fortified with Vitamin A and D Addition of vitamin A to margarine and other vegetable fats started in 1918 in Denmark, when cases of xerophthalmia were associated with the replacement of butter by margarine. Then, the practice of nutritional equivalence, that is emulating the nutritional composition of butter, was...
Cervical Radiculitis Pinched Nerve
The cervical plexus supplies innervation to the shoulder, arm, and hand. A pinched nerve, or cervical radiculitis, is inflammation or compression of one of these nerves. It occurs when a disc presses against the spinal nerves connecting to the spinal cord. The discopathy can be caused by repetitive stress from training or posture. Bone spurs or degenerating vertebrae can also impinge on a nerve. The affected nerves branch to numerous areas, and symptoms may radiate from the source along the...
Caries detection methods
The detection of carious lesions has been primarily a visual process, based principally on clinical-tactile inspection and radiographic examination. Caries detection methods should be capable of detecting lesions at an early stage, when progression can be arrested or reserved, avoiding premature tooth treatment by restorations. However, none of the conventional methods fulfill this requirement and are highly subjective. The development of some alternative non-invasive detection methods, such as...
Inflammatory skin conditions
Dermatitis literally means inflammation of the skin. Contact dermatitis is caused by a primary irritant which causes the skin to become red, dry and inflamed. Substances which are likely to cause this reaction include acids, alkalis, solvents, perfumes, lanolin, detergent and nickels. There may be skin infection as well. This is a mild to chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by itchiness, redness and the presence of small blisters that may be dry or weep if the surface is...
Subsurface moisture content
The moisture content can be expressed as the mass of water (mw) within a mass of dry soil, regolith or rock (ms), This is called the mass wetness (0m, gg-1, also called gravimetric wetness the term avoided here to prevent confusion with the gravimetric method discussed later). This measure is rarely used by hydrologists because of the influence of unmeasured variations in the mass of dry soil, regolith or rock (ms) within undisturbed volumes of soil, regolith or rock (Vs), i.e. the dry bulk...
Medial Epicondylitis Golfers Elbow
The medial epicondyle is the insertion site of flexor muscles, and golfer's elbow is caused by repetitive overuse of these muscles for example, forceful, repeated bending of the fingers and wrist, repeated stress on the arm during the acceleration phase of the throwing motion, and repeated tightening of the flexor muscles and tendons during a golf swing or by trauma to the medial aspect of the elbow. Neck problems, arthritis, rheumatism, and gout may cause similar symptoms. The symptoms are...
The muscles of the posterior aspect of the trunk
Made up of separate bands of muscle that lie in the groove between the vertebral column and the ribs Attaches to the sacrum and iliac crest at one end to the ribs, transverse and spinous processes of the vertebrae and the occipital bone at the other end of the ribs Extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column A very important postural muscle as it helps to extend the spine The muscles of the posterior aspect of the trunk 137 Large sheet of muscle extending across the back of...
Blood vessels of the head and neck
Blood is supplied to parts within the neck, head and brain through branches of the subclavian and common carotid arteries. The common cartoid artery extends from the brachiocephalic artery. It extends on each side of the neck and divides at the level of the larynx into two branches The internal carotid artery passes through the temporal bone of the skull to supply oxygenated blood to the brain, eyes, forehead and part of the nose. The external carotid artery is divided into branches (facial,...
Factors affecting fluid balance
Factors affecting fluid balance in the body include If the body temperature increases, more water is lost from the body in sweat A high salt intake can result in increased water reabsorption, which reduces the volume of urine produced. Diuretics, such as alcohol, tea and coffee, can also increase the volume of urine Nervousness can result in an increased production of urine When the blood pressure inside the kidney tubules rises, less water is reabsorbed and the volume of urine will be...
Biedermans recognitionbycomponents theory
Biederman (1987, 1990) put forward a theory of object recognition extending that of Marr and Nishihara (1978). The central assumption of his recognition-by-components theory is that objects consist of basic shapes or components known as geons (geometric ions). Examples of geons are blocks, cylinders, spheres, arcs, and wedges. According to Biederman (1987), there are about 36 different geons. This may seem suspiciously few to provide descriptions of all the objects we can recognise and...
Theories Of Recall And Recognition
Recognition memory is usually much better than recall, and many theorists have tried to understand why this should be the case. In order to do so, they have focused on the processes involved in recall and recognition. It is to such theories that we now turn. The two-stage or two-process theory makes the following assumptions (see Watkins & Gardiner, 1979), for a review Recall involves a search or retrieval process, followed by a decision or recognition process based on the appropriateness of...
Prototype Theory Of Concepts
Concepts have a prototype structure the prototype is either a collection of characteristic attributes or the best example (or examples) of the concept. There is no delimiting set of necessary and sufficient attributes for determining category membership there may be necessary attributes, but they are not jointly sufficient indeed membership often depends on the object possessing some set of characteristic, non-necessary attributes that are considered more typical or representative of the...
Speaking And Writing Compared
Spoken and written language both have as their central function the communication of information about people and the world, and so it is common-sensical to assume that there are important similarities between speaking and writing. On the other hand, children and adults often find writing much harder than speaking, suggesting there are major differences between the productions of spoken and written language. Speaking and writing will now be compared. The view that speaking and writing are...
The aggregated dead zone model
There is, however, an alternative approach that is based on the direct analysis of concentration curves. This makes use of the type of DBM transfer function methodology that has already been described in Section 14.2.6 above). The resulting model has been called the aggregated dead zone (ADZ) model (Wallis et al., 1989 Young and Wallis, 1993). It is easiest to apply when the flow is approximately steady and the pollutant or tracer is already well mixed, but does not require that discharge be...
Episodic And Semantic Memory
Our long-term memories contain an amazing variety of different kinds of information. As a result, there is a natural temptation to assume there are various long-term memory systems, each of which is specialised for certain types of information. Tulving (1972) argued for a distinction between episodic memory and semantic memory. According to Tulving, episodic memory refers to the storage (and retrieval) of specific events or episodes occurring in a particular place at a particular time. Thus,...
Overland flow measurement
Water moving over slopes towards stream channels is called overland flow, and is generated either by rainfall failing to infiltrate because of a low infiltration capacity (Section 5.1.1) or by precipitation falling on to already saturated ground or the exfiltration of subsurface flow prior to reaching a channel (see Section 1.2) or by fluvial flooding, where the river overtops its banks. Strictly, overland flow is any lateral flow above mineral soil horizons, and thus includes flow within the...
The isohyetal method
This is considered one of the most accurate methods, but it is subjective and dependent on skilled, experienced analysts having a good knowledge of the rainfall characteristics of the region containing the catchment area. The method is demonstrated in Fig. 9.8. At the nine rain-gauge stations, measurements of a rainfall event ranging from 26 to 57 mm are given. Four isohyets (lines of equal rainfall), are drawn at 10-mm intervals across the catchment interpolated between the gauge measurements....
Areal reduction factors and depthareaduration analysis
In designing hydraulic structures for controlling river flow, a hydrologist needs to know the areal rainfall of the area draining to the control point. Sometimes it is only the average river flow being considered, but more often the works are intended to control flood flows and knowledge of heavy rainfalls is required. There is then an issue that the rainfall depths at a point will not be the same as the average depths over a catchment area estimated by one of the interpolation techniques...
Hypovascular Metastases
Hypovascular metastases are the most frequent malignancies in the liver. In the United States, colon cancer is the most common primary site and approximately 50,000 cases of hepatic colorectal metastases are encountered annually. Lesion detection is size-related, with lesions smaller than 1 cm being difficult to identify with conventional techniques. Unfortunately, a postmortem assessment of the size of liver metastases has shown that the ratio between metastases larger than 1 cm and those...
Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis is a disease caused by an increased intestinal absorption of dietary iron, bound as ferritin or hemosiderin, and is characterized by excessive parenchymal iron accumulation 29 . The primary organs affected by hemochro-matosis are the liver, pancreas and heart. Thus, liv Fig. 9a-d. Longstanding hemochromatosis. The liver and pancreas show decreased SI on T2-weighted a, b and Tl-weighted c, d images, while the spleen demonstrates essentially normal SI. Note that the atrophy of the...
Hydrometric networks
The concept of the hydrological cycle forms the basis for the hydrologist's understanding of the sources of water at or under the Earth's surface and its consequent movement by various pathways back to the principal storage in the oceans. Two of the greatest problems for the hydrologist are quantifying the amount of water in the different phases in the cycle and evaluating the rate of transfer of water from one phase to another within the cycle. Thus measurement of the components of the cycle...
Peer Social Influence
Although parents are without a doubt extremely powerful socialization agents, we believe that our understanding of peer relations in middle childhood can also be augmented by understanding more about peer social influence. Developmental researchers have long been aware of the importance of peer relationships for the socialization of children (e.g., Hartup, 1983 Kupersmidt & Dodge, 2004), and ample evidence exists that children who are successful in their peer relationships have better...
Cauterization Of The Ear
It is not easy, even approximately, to identify exactly when cautery was first applied to the external parts of the ear auricle for therapeutic purposes. If we limit our research to ancient Europe, there are traces in folk medicine which indicate that the external ear also had some significance in the prevention of disease. One noteworthy folk tradition is the custom of wearing earrings to improve sight or to prevent eye disease. Sailors of the European coasts and mountaineers of the central...
Intentional Additives
Chemicals that are intentionally introduced into foods to aid in processing, to act as preservatives, or to improve the quality of the food are called intentional additives. Their use is strictly regulated by national and international laws. The National Academy of Sciences (1973) has listed the purposes of food additives as follows to improve or maintain nutritional value to enhance consumer acceptability to make the food more readily available to facilitate preparation of the food The use of...
Why is carbidopa always given with levodopa
When levodopa was first introduced, its major side effects were nausea and vomiting. In spite of its remarkable benefits, many patients could not or would not take it. The problem was in the conversion of L-dopa or levodopa to dopamine. The L-dopa or levodopa was changed in the stomach by an enzyme called dopa-decarboxylase (DDC) into dopamine. Dopamine in the stomach and circulating in the blood cannot cross the blood brain barrier to reach the sub-stantia nigra. However, dopamine in the...
Jatamansi nardostachys grandiflora dc valerianaceae
Fedia grandiflora Wall. ex DC Nardostachys gracilis Kitamura Nardostachys jatamansi auct. Patrinia jatamansi auct. Valeriana jatamansi Wall. fide DEP EFS Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits camphire with spikenard. FIGURE 1.71 Jatamansi Nardostachys grandiflora . FIGURE 1.71 Jatamansi Nardostachys grandiflora . With names such as spikenard Nardostachys and nard Cymbopogon long confused, it is difficult to know which was meant in biblical texts, but most biblical...
The Schools Role and Responsibilities in the Diagnosis of ADHD
As described in Section 1.2, the diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on gathering sufficient information to get a clear picture of how ADHD symptoms observed (currently and in previous years) affect the child in key environments. Obviously, the school is a key environment where the child spends much of his or her life. The school's role is to provide the information and data to enable the evaluator to determine past and present school functioning. Besides the presence of symptoms, the evaluator must...
Drugs Used to Treat Infectious Diseases
Acetaminophen (Trade names Tylenol, Datril, Temora, Volatile) Over-the-counter painkiller and fever reducer used in many nonprescription pain relievers. Often prescribed for mild to moderate pain or fever, it cannot treat inflammation. It is given by mouth and may cause stomach upsets. Side Effects Allergic reactions. Overdose can cause fatal liver problems. acyclovir (Trade name Zovirax) An antiviral drug prescribed for the treatment of herpes simplex, shingles, and chicken pox that is...
Transference Love and Romantic Love
S tudies of love are just now beginning to appear in greater number in the psychoanalytic literature, stimulated in part by the growing theoretical interest in transference.* Although Freud originally described the erotic transference the patient's falling in love with the therapist as an impediment to therapy, something to be assiduously avoided and something that might even disrupt a therapy, he came to recognize it as a paradigm for transference in general and, ultimately, as closely akin to...
Ethel Person Psychoanalytic
218 30 Freud (in Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria 1905 (1901) , in S.E., Vol. 7, pp. 3-122) made the further distinction that some transference feelings are mere reprints while others have undergone sublimation and are therefore revised editions of the original feelings. 219 7 Freud, The Future of an Illusion 1927 , in S.E., Vol. 11, p. 24. 219 9 Ernest Becker uses the phrase taming terror. This is how we can understand the essence of transference as a taming of terror. My...
ACE inhibitor and diuretic combinations
Numerous fixed combinations of ACE inhibitors and diuretics are presently on the market (Figure 14). Almost all ACE inhibitors available can also be found in fixed combinations with HCTZ. There are several reasons for the popularity of ACE inhibitor and diuretic combinations In many factorial design studies, the combination has been shown to clearly be additive with regard to BP. Thus, the combination provides further antihypertensive efficacy than either of the two drugs in monotherapy. The...
ARB and diuretic combinations
Numerous fixed combinations of ARBs and diuretics are presently on the market (Figure 15). Almost all available ARBs can be found in fixed combination with HCTZ. As with ACE inhibitor and diuretic combinations, there are several reasons for the popularity of ARB and diuretic combinations In some studies, the combination has been shown to be additive with regard to BP. Thus, the combination provides further antihypertensive efficacy than either of the two drugs in monotherapy. Diuretics produce...
Establishing the Therapeutic Alliance
The term therapeutic alliance (Greenson 1967 Stern et al. 1998) refers to the relationship between therapist and patient as they work together in partnership to understand the meaning of the patient's symptoms. As the therapist is seen as caring but dispassionate and dedicated to understanding the meaning of the patient's difficulties without taking sides or beingjudgmental or invasive, a relationship evolves in which the patient learns to trust the therapist with the most intimate fears and...
The Severe Superego and Guilt
Along with narcissistic vulnerability and related affects of shame, helplessness, or reactive anger, conscious or unconscious guilt often cripples depressed patients. Some patients reveal deep-seated feelings that they are bad or unworthy and are prone to attacking themselves through self-criticisms or punishments when they sense that they are behaving in an aggressive, competitive, or overly sexual manner. Examples of this are the cases of Ms. G in Chapters 4 (Getting Started With...
Lsvt 5 Concepts And Techniques
(voice focus, high effort, intensive, sensory calibration, quantification) problems sustaining attention problems shifting cognitive set problems in procedural memory Laryngeal valving (ROM, stability) LOUD (effort, coordination) FIGURE 2 This figure graphically summarizes the rationale underlying the five essential concepts and techniques of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT ) from a neural, speech mechanism physiology, motor learning, muscle training, neuropsychological, and compliance...
Genotype Environment Correlation
Perhaps even more interesting than genotype-environment interaction is the concept of genotype-environment correlation, the differential exposure of individuals with different genotypes to different environments. Consider, for example, a child who has a genotype for high verbal ability . Her parents may notice this and provide her with lots of books to read, engage in intellectual discussions with her , and give her word games and crossword puzzles. Parents of children with less verbal skill,...
Which specific medications can exacerbate GERD or damage the esophagus
As mentioned, medications can act in different ways to affect GERD and reflux symptoms (see Table 1). Medications can either affect the nerves that control the LES or the muscles that control the tightness of the LES. All muscles, including the LES, are controlled by nerves. Muscles of the gut are called smooth muscle and you cannot consciously control them by thinking about it. The nerves transmit signals from the brain to the rest of the body. Nerves that make up what is called the autonomic...
Williams Schematic of Health Economics
A comprehensive taxonomizing framework that systematically embraces the various topics studied by health economists. Its form is as in the 'plumbing diagram'. The letter labels for each box in the schematic indicate the (ap- proximate) order in which things flow, with various feedbacks and so on indicated by the arrows. Source Adapted from Alan Williams (2003), 'Health economics a bird's eye view of the structure of the discipline', in Health Care Economics for Health Care Professionals Module...
Is There Any Taste in the Egg White
Can flavorless food be eaten without salt, or is there any taste in the white of an egg (Job 6 6). Eggs are one of the most complete foods on the planet, but we have lived in egg phobia for nearly 30 years. Eggs were discussed in God's Word in relation with salt. Can you believe it Your body needs sodium. Sodium is an important mineral needed to reduce body stiffness and control allergies. But sodium chloride or table salt is an unhealthy combination. We suggest Celtic sea salt in our practice....
Chicken pox
Chicken pox is a common childhood disease caused by a virus called varicella zoster. The symptoms are headache, fever, and malaise, followed by eruptions of pimple-like red bumps. The bumps typically start on the stomach, chest, or back. They rapidly develop into blister-like sores that break open, then scab over in three to five days. Any contact with the sores can spread the disease. Children are contagious up to 48 hours before breaking out. Chicken pox can be a fatal disease for...
Explaining Fibromyalgia to Your Boss and CoWorkers Should You
Telling your supervisor and co-workers why you're taking more sick days than anyone else and why you can't always perform at your peak level may seem to you (or to others giving you advice) to be the obvious choice. But deciding whether to tell your supervisor and others at work about your fibromyalgia can be a dilemma. Will your co-workers think that you're an invalid or very disabled Will they treat you differently Or will telling them make your work life much better, and solve a lot of the...
Clinical Manifestations Xpn
The primary episode of HSV-1 infection manifests after the patient is exposed to secretions containing viable HSV-1, which then incubate for three to six days. Mucocutaneous lesions, which can be painful, develop into vesicles that erupt for one to two weeks Fig. 4 . In many cases, areas of gingivostomatitis and surrounding skin lesions are prominent and FIGURE 3 Schematic representation of HSV replication within sensory ganglion cells shows centripetal and centrifugal migration and envelopment...
Clinical Manifestations Primary Lesion
A primary lesion is the most common manifestation of malignant melanoma of the head and neck region. This lesion can vary in appearance from the classical black-pigmented, raised lesion to an enlarging, skin-colored (amelanotic) mole (Fig. 1A and B). Melanoma can arise from a preexisting nevus or normal skin. The appearance of melanoma may be FIGURE 1 Primary melanoma has a wide range of appearances. (A) Superficial-spreading melanoma. (B) Amelanotic nodular melanoma of the scalp. (C) Lentigo...
Book Review: The Fluoride Deception by Christopher Bryson
Splitting Headache. Nausea and vomiting. Choking and couldn't get their breath. Coughing up blood. Phone calls like these broke the dawn of a fall day in the mill town of Donora, Pennsylvania back in October, 1948. Already two had died and another 18 were soon to follow. The death toll would have been far higher if not for a couple brave firemen filling oxygen tents as quickly as they could. Still, no one was quite sure what was going on.
Diagramming The Cognitive Case Conceptualization And Presenting It To The Patient
To aid in the development of the cognitive case conceptualization, it may be useful for clinicians to diagram the conceptualization. Such a diagram can be useful in organizing the information available about the patient. J. S. Beck (1995) provided a Cognitive Conceptualization Diagram that we believe is particularly useful in mapping information about the patient. This diagram includes spaces for depicting the relationship between automatic thoughts, and emotional and behavioral reactions, as...
Onion allium cepa l liliaceae
We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt freely the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlick But our soul is dried away there is nothing at all, beside this manna, before our eyes. We remember the fish we ate in Egypt for nothing, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlic but now our strength is dried up, and there is nothing at all but this manna to look at. How we remember the fish that we used to eat in Egypt for nothing, the...
Importance of Bacterial Inoculum Size
Integral to the design of the original microbial endocrinology experiments was a commitment to use a bacterial inoculum that accurately reflected the infectious dose encountered in vivo. Therefore, the starting inocula used were low, typically these were around 10'-102 CFU ml, which was intended to reflect the numbers of pathogenic bacteria likely to be present at the start of an infection (Lyte and Ernst 1992, 1993 Freestone et al. 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007a, b, c). This use of low bacterial...
Total Energy Expenditure and its Components
It is customary to consider energy expenditure as being made up of three components the energy spent for basal metabolism (or basal metabolic rate), the energy spent on physical activity, and the increase in resting energy expenditure in response to a variety of stimuli (in particular food, cold, stress, and drugs). These three components are depicted in Figure 4. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) or Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) This is the largest component of energy expenditure accounting for...
Travelers Diarrhea Treated with Probiotics
Lucky you You're off to some far flung exotic land with your wallet strapped to your body and your fingers crossed that you don't go down with travelers' diarrhea . Or traveller's diarrhea if you like it spelt that way - either way, you'll still be running just as fast for the nearest toilet It mostly strikes people from the industrialised countries who travel to tropical and semi-tropical parts of the world and happens when pathogens such as Escherichia coli gain a foothold in the intestinal...
The Truth About Stimulants
In early 2004, two people kidnapped and tortured a man. They thought the man had stolen 125 worth of methamphetamine an addictive and dangerous stimulant drug from them. The man was attacked with a hammer, pliers, and a sword. That same year, a 19-year-old man was sentenced to 30 years in jail for homicide after he ran over three siblings with his car. He was driving under the influence of a stimulant. As a result of the crash, a six-year-old boy was paralyzed and his brother and sister were...
Toothbrush Massage
Massage is mostly thought of as a total body workout. The gum tissue needs similar treatment. Think of the fragile tissue as loose flabby muscles. Tightening this loose gum tissue can be done with massage. Massage brings circulation and new blood cells to the area of inflammation. In gum disease, you may find swollen, infected tissue that needs repair and reattachment. The best method of creating healing for the gum tissue is a gentle massage with a soft toothbrush. Cooking has taken us to...
Zinc For Gum Healing
In the human body, zinc is found in all tissues and fluids, but is highly concentrated in teeth, bones, hair, skin, liver, muscle, and testes. Zinc is needed as a catalyst for various enzymes and is part of the hormone insulin. Insulin is secreted in response to high blood sugar as a result of someone ingesting a lot of sugar. This may keep the teeth from receiving this mineral. Zinc influences immune reactions, taste perception, wound healing, and the production of sperm. A deficiency may...
Differential diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder
RBD is a relatively rare condition and is largely unknown to most physicians (see above 2), therefore it is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. The differential diagnosis of recurrent dream enactment behavior includes NREM parasomnia, nocturnal panic attacks, nocturnal seizures, nightmares, nocturnal wandering associated with dementia, and OSAS (Boeve, 2010a). A complaint of nocturnal disruptive behaviors is the major clinical feature of several other conditions, such as primary and secondary...
Mayo sleep questionnaire
RBD is a parasomnia that can develop in otherwise neurologically-normal adults as well as in those with a neurodegenerative disease. Confirmation of RBD requires PSG. A simple screening measure for RBD is desirable for clinical and research purposes. Boeve et al. developed the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), a 16-item measure to screen for the presence of RBD, periodic legs movement disorder (PLMD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), sleepwalking, OSAS and sleep-related leg cramps (Boeve, 2010a...
Grandparents
Grandparents grieve deeply when a grandchild is diagnosed with leukemia. They are concerned not only for their grandchild, but for their own child (the parent) as well. Cancer wreaks havoc with grandparents' expectations, reversing the natural order of life and death. Grandparents frequently say, Why not me I'm the one who is old. Parents express anguish at having to tell the grandparents the grim news. Cancer in a grandchild is a major shock to bear. Many parents reported that the grandparents...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development
Freud believed that all persons passed through a set series of stages in personality development. Each of these stages involves a conflict, and how the person resolve this conflict gives rise to various aspects of his or her personalit . So, in psychoanalytic theory, the source of individual differences lies in how the child comes to resolve conflicts in each of the stages of development. The end result, after going through all the stages, is a fully formed personality . Because all of this...
Transamination of Amino Acids Aminotransferase Reactions
Hydrolysis of the a-carbon-amino bond of the ketimine results in the release of the oxo-acid corresponding to the amino acid substrate, leaving pyridoxamine phosphate at the catalytic site of the enzyme. In this case, there is no reformation of the internal Schiff base to the reactive lysine residue. This is the half-reaction of transamination. The process is completed by reaction of pyridoxamine phosphate with a second oxo-acid substrate, forming an intermediate ketimine, then by the reverse...
The National Weight Control Registry
The largest observational study of successful weight losers is the NWCR in the United States. The NWCR is a registry of individuals who have lost at least 13.6 kg and kept it off at least 1year. On average, these participants have lost more than 27.3 kg and kept it off more than 6 years. Information that registry members have provided has aided in learning about the weight loss maintenance process. Registry participants are recruited through newspaper and magazine articles and thus are a...
Heredity Versus Environment
Many aspects of human characteristics such as height and eye color are largely genetically determined. Psychology researchers, however, tend to be interested in dimensions that are relatively less determined by genetics traits that subject more to environmental influences, such as how a person feels, acts, and thinks. Given that the degree of genetic determination appears to vary from one dimension to another e.g., spatial skills versus language acquisition , how can one determine the relative...
Healthy Properties Of Sourdough Bread
Consumer interest in the health aspects of food continues to increase, and traditional food is quite often perceived as having nutritional properties that favor health and well-being. In the past decade, sourdough fermentation has been associated with the health-promoting properties of bread, and numerous beneficial effects have been reported (Figure 4.5). Protective compounds in bread have been identified, especially in wholemeal bread, which contains dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, and...
Closer Look The Brain Injury of Phineas Gage
Phineas Gage was a nineteenth-century rail worker, serving as foreman on a construction gang preparing the way for the Rutland and Burlington Railroad in Vermont. His work involved blasting large rocks with dynamite, and one day he was injured in a serious accident. Prior to his accident, Phineas was an industrious worker, highly agreeable and conscientious, and seen by his employers as one of their most capable and efficient foremen. On September 13, 1848, he was tamping dynamite into a hole...
Taxonomies of Personality
Over the past century, dozens of taxonomies of personality traits have been proposed. Many have been merely lists of traits, often based on the intuitions of personality psychologists. As personality psychologist Robert Hogan observed, the history of personality theory consists of people who assert that their private demons are public afflictions Hogan, 1983 . Indeed, two editors of a book on personality traits Londo amp Exner, 1978 expressed despair at the lack of agreement about a taxonomy of...
Human Pantothenic Acid Deficiency The Burning Foot Syndrome
In the 1940s, prisoners of war in the Far East who were severely malnourished showed, among other signs and symptoms of vitamin deficiency diseases, a new condition of paresthesia and severe pain in the feet and toes, which was called the burning foot syndrome or nutritional melalgia. Although it was tentatively attributed to pantothenic acid deficiency, no specific trials of pantothenic acid were conducted rather the subjects were given yeast extract and other rich sources of all vitamins as...
Side Effects Of Acidophilus
Have you suffered the side effects of acidophilus A little more gas than you would like Hmmm Like to share you experience here and how you handled it The worst that usually happens when a person starts to take Lactobacillus acidophilus is a little bloating or flatulence and it does wear off as your body becomes accustomed to those extra bacteria. Most people are not affected at all.